{"id":1354,"date":"2011-09-13T08:55:46","date_gmt":"2011-09-13T06:55:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.tourdebier.cz\/francek\/?p=1354"},"modified":"2011-11-29T18:55:12","modified_gmt":"2011-11-29T17:55:12","slug":"jak-je-to-s-chmelem-ve-spisovne-cestine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tourdebier.cz\/francek\/jak-je-to-s-chmelem-ve-spisovne-cestine\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak je to s chmelem ve spisovn\u00e9 \u010de\u0161tin\u011b?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tourdebier.cz\/francek\/wp-content\/gallery\/chmel\/kopie-p1100612.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox[]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tourdebier.cz\/francek\/wp-content\/gallery\/chmel\/thumbs\/thumbs_kopie-p1100612.jpg\" alt=\"kopie-p1100612\" width=\"100\" height=\"75\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ve v\u0161ech slovansk\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch m\u00e1 slovo <em>chmel <\/em>m\u011bkk\u00e9 sklo\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0a\u00a0d\u00e1 se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee i ve star\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e9 slovan\u0161tin\u011b se sklo\u0148ovalo\u00a0 m\u011bkce. Dalo by s tedy o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee i v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b se bude toto slovo sklo\u0148ovat podle vzoru \u201estroj\u201c: <em>chmel, bez chmele, ke chmeli, na chmeli, s chmelem; <\/em>v mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle pak <em>u\u0161lechtil\u00e9 chmele, o u\u0161lechtil\u00fdch chmel\u00edch, s u\u0161lechtil\u00fdmi chmeli. <\/em>Skute\u010dnost je v\u0161ak jin\u00e1. Zpravidla sklo\u0148ujeme toto jm\u00e9no takto: <em>chmel, bez chmele <\/em>nebo <em>chmelu <\/em>(v odborn\u00fdch stat\u00edch vesm\u011bs <em>bez chmele<\/em>), <em>ke chmelu, na chmelu, s chmelem. <\/em>Skute\u010dnost se tedy trochu odli\u0161uje i od Pravidel \u010desk\u00e9ho pravopisu, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed v \u0161est\u00e9m p\u00e1d\u011b jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla tvar <em>chmeli, <\/em>p\u0159esto\u017ee v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m \u017eiv\u00e9m jazyce jist\u011b nikdo ne\u0159ekne ani nenap\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee <em>d\u011bti jsou<\/em> <em>na chmeli, <\/em>tj. na \u010des\u00e1n\u00ed chmele.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mno\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo je dosti vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, ale v odborn\u00fdch stat\u00edch se \u010dasto objevuje spojen\u00ed <em>u\u0161lechtil\u00e9 chmele, hrub\u00e9 chmele. <\/em>V \u0161est\u00e9m a sedm\u00e9m p\u00e1d\u011b mno\u017en\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla mohou b\u00fdt koncovky tvrd\u00e9ho i m\u011bkk\u00e9ho sklo\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed: <em>o hrub\u00fdch chmel\u00edch <\/em>i <em>chmelech, s u\u0161lechtil\u00fdmi chmeli <\/em>i <em>chmely: <\/em>tyto tvary se toti\u017e vyskytuj\u00ed velmi z\u0159\u00eddka, a proto se zat\u00edm neustaluj\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no <em>chmel <\/em>je tedy mo\u017eno podle Slovn\u00edku spisovn\u00e9ho jazyka \u010desk\u00e9ho i podle \u0161koln\u00edho vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Pravidel \u010desk\u00e9ho pravopisu sklo\u0148ovat jak podle m\u011bkk\u00e9ho vzoru \u201estroj\u201c, tak i podle tvrd\u00e9ho vzoru \u201ehrad\u201c. Ale podle p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00edc\u00edho zp\u016fsobu vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v odborn\u00fdch stat\u00edch lze doporu\u010dit tyto tvary: 1. a 4. p\u00e1d jedn. <em>chmel, <\/em>2. <em>chmele, <\/em>3. <em>chmelu, <\/em>6. <em>na chmelu, 7. chmelem; <\/em>1. a 4. p\u00e1d (pop\u0159. t\u00e9\u017e 5.) mno\u017e. <em>chmele, 2. chmel\u016f, <\/em>3.<em> chmel\u016fm, <\/em>6. <em>o chmelech <\/em>i <em>chmel\u00edch, <\/em>7. <em>s chmely <\/em>i <em>chmeli. <\/em>V 2. p\u00e1d\u011b jedn. ov\u0161em nelze odm\u00edtat ani tvar <em>chmelu, <\/em>zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v neodborn\u00e9m vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u00e1t\u00fd p\u00e1d jednotn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla by se mohl objevit pouze v obrazn\u00e9m osloven\u00ed, nap\u0159. v b\u00e1snick\u00e9m op\u011bvov\u00e1n\u00ed obl\u00edben\u00e9ho n\u00e1poje, z chmele vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9ho, jako je tomu v p\u00edsni <em>\u00d3, chmel\u00ed\u010dku, chmeli! <\/em>Jin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad pou\u017eit\u00ed tohoto p\u00e1du nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m. Tvar <em>chmele! <\/em>je jist\u011b t\u00e9\u017e mo\u017en\u00fd, ale nen\u00ed dolo\u017een.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no ze z\u00e1kladov\u00e9ho slova <em>chmel <\/em>se tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edponou <em>-ov\u00fd <\/em>a vyjad\u0159uje velmi \u0161irok\u00fd vztah ke chmelu. N\u011bkdy je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed i odborn\u00fdch n\u00e1zv\u016f biologick\u00fdch, nap\u0159. ve spojen\u00ed <em>m\u0161ice chmelov\u00e1, d\u0159ep\u010d\u00edk chmelov\u00fd. <\/em>Najdeme ho v\u0161ak i v souvislostech neodborn\u00fdch, jako <em>chmelov\u00e1 v\u016fn\u011b, chmelov\u00fd list, chmelov\u00e1 brig\u00e1da, chmelov\u00e1 ty\u010dka, chmelov\u00fd mok <\/em>(pivo). Od z\u00e1kladu <em>chmel <\/em>je v\u0161ak odvozeno p\u0159\u00edponou <em>-n\u00fd <\/em>t\u00e9\u017e adjektivum <em>chmeln\u00fd. <\/em>Nevyskytuje se tak \u010dasto jako <em>chmelov\u00fd, <\/em>ale v\u00fdznam m\u00e1 stejn\u00fd. Uplat\u0148uje se nap\u0159. ve spojen\u00edch <em>chmeln\u00e1 v\u016fn\u011b, chmeln\u00e1 hl\u00e1vka, chmeln\u00fd list, chmeln\u00e1 ty\u010dka, chmeln\u00fd mok. <\/em>Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee spojen\u00ed <em>chmeln\u00e1 brig\u00e1da <\/em>by zn\u011blo nezvykle, proto\u017ee nov\u011bji vznikl\u00e1 spojen\u00ed u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pokud mo\u017eno adjektiv na <em>-ov\u00fd. <\/em>V \u00faslov\u00ed <em>je huben\u00fd jako chmelov\u00e1 ty\u010dka <\/em>by se adjektiva <em>chmeln\u00fd <\/em>nedalo pou\u017e\u00edt, proto\u017ee spojen\u00ed <em>chmelov\u00e1 ty\u010dka <\/em>je zde frazeologicky ust\u00e1leno. Velmi z\u0159\u00eddka se objevuje p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no <em>chmeln\u00ed, <\/em>utvo\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edponou <em>-n\u00ed. <\/em>V\u00fdznam m\u00e1 stejn\u00fd jako <em>chmelov\u00fd <\/em>nebo <em>chmeln\u00fd, <\/em>ale v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b u\u017e ve spisovn\u00e9m vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed miz\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">P\u0159\u00eddavn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no <em>chmela\u0159sk\u00fd <\/em>vyjad\u0159uje vztah jak ke slovu <em>chmela\u0159, <\/em>tak i ke <em>chmela\u0159stv\u00ed. <\/em>Vyskytuje se nap\u0159. ve spojen\u00edch <em>chmela\u0159sk\u00e9 dru\u017estvo, chmela\u0159sk\u00fd statek,<\/em> <em>kraj, chmela\u0159sk\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed <\/em>nebo <em>n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed, chmela\u0159sk\u00e9 \u010dasopisy, chmela\u0159sk\u00e1 literatura, \u0161kola.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Miroslav Roudn\u00fd<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/nase-rec.ujc.cas.cz\/archiv.php?vol=60#h4\">Na\u0161e \u0159e\u010d 4, ro\u010dn\u00edk 60\/1977<\/a><\/p>\n<div class='wp_likes' id='wp_likes_post-1354'><a class='like' href=\"javascript:wp_likes.like(1354);\" title='' ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.tourdebier.cz\/francek\/wp-content\/uploads\/thumb-up-francek.jpg\" alt='' border='0'\/><\/a><span class='text'>Bu\u010fte prvn\u00ed, komu se toto l\u00edb\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class='like' ><a href=\"javascript:wp_likes.like(1354);\"><\/a><\/div>\n<div class='unlike' ><a href=\"javascript:wp_likes.unlike(1354);\">> U\u017e se mi nel\u00edb\u00ed..<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ve v\u0161ech slovansk\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch m\u00e1 slovo chmel m\u011bkk\u00e9 sklo\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0a\u00a0d\u00e1 se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee i ve star\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e9 slovan\u0161tin\u011b se sklo\u0148ovalo\u00a0 m\u011bkce. Dalo by s tedy o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee i v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b se bude toto slovo sklo\u0148ovat podle vzoru \u201estroj\u201c: chmel, bez chmele, ke chmeli, na chmeli, s chmelem; v mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle pak u\u0161lechtil\u00e9 chmele, o u\u0161lechtil\u00fdch chmel\u00edch, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[76,41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1354","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chmel","category-media"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tourdebier.cz\/francek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1354","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tourdebier.cz\/francek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tourdebier.cz\/francek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tourdebier.cz\/francek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tourdebier.cz\/francek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1354"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tourdebier.cz\/francek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1354\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tourdebier.cz\/francek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1354"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tourdebier.cz\/francek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1354"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tourdebier.cz\/francek\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1354"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}